Oxidative erosion of graphite in air between 600 and 1000 K

The oxidative erosion of seven types of graphite has been investigated by heating in air at temperatures between 600 and 1000 K. The specimens include pyrolytic graphite, fine-grain graphites, carbon-fibre composites (CFC), and graphites doped with Si and Ti. The weight loss was measured using a microbalance, the surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy, and the composition of the surface layer by MeV ion beam techniques. Pyrolytic graphite is least affected by erosion, while pure and Si-doped CFCs erode particularly fast. Typical erosion rates for specimens with a surface area of similar or equal to 4 cm(2) are below 0.2 mu g/m(2) s at 600 K for all graphite types, and at 900 K range from 0.34 mg/m(2) s for pyrolytic graphite to about 9 mg/m(2) s for the strongest eroding types. The temperature dependence of the erosion rate of all types of graphite studied is well described by an activation energy of 1.7 eV. The erosion rates of these graphites are by far lower than the removal rates for deposited amorphous hydrocarbon layers. In contrast to all other types, the Ti-doped graphite absorbs a significant amount of oxygen reaching up to similar or equal to 5 /0 of its original mass. Once the oxygen uptake is saturated, it erodes with rates similar to those of the strongest eroding types. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.