One-hour postload plasma glucose in middle age and Medicare expenditures in older age among nondiabetic men and women - the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry

OBJECTIVE - To examine associations in nondiabetic individuals of 1-h postload plasma glucose measured in young adulthood and middle age with subsequent Medicare expenditures for cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, cancer, and all health care at age 65 years or older using data from the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry (CHA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Medicare data (1984-2000) were linked with CHA baseline records (1967-1973) for 8.580 men and 6,723 women ages 33-64 years who were free of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and major electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities and who were Medicare eligible (65+ years) for at least 2 years. Participants were classified based on 1-h postload plasma glucose levels < 120, 120-199, or >= 200 mg/dl. RESULTS - With adjustment for baseline age, cigarette smoking, serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, BMI, ethnicity, education, and minor ECG abnormalities, the average annual and cumulative Medicare, total, and diabetes- and CVD-related charges were significantly higher with higher baseline plasma glucose in women, while only diabetes-related charges were significantly higher in men. For example, in women, multivariate-adjusted CVD-related cumulative charges were, respectively, $14,260, $18,909, and $21,183 for the three postload plasma glucose categories (P va ue for trend = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS - These findings suggest that maintaining low glucose levels early in life has the potential to reduce health care costs in older age.