Journal
THEORETICAL AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
Volume 143, Issue 2, Pages 681-688Publisher
MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11232-005-0098-6
Keywords
uncertainty; classical uncertainty; quantum uncertainty; skew information; quantum correlation; entanglement; uncertainty principle
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The uncertainty of an observable in a quantum state is usually described by variance. This description is well suited when the states are pure. But when the states are mixed, things become subtle, and the variance is a hybrid of quantum and classical uncertainties. Motivated by the notion of Fisher information in statistical inference, we establish a decomposition of the variance into quantum and classical parts. The key observation is that the Wigner-Yanase skew information (a distinguished version of quantum Fisher information) can be interpreted as a measure of quantum uncertainty. We also establish a decomposition of the conventional covariance into quantum and classical parts. The results provide a new perspective for understanding uncertainty and correlation and are used to quantify entanglement, as well as to establish a new uncertainty relation in purely quantum terms.
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