Journal
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY
Volume 31, Issue 5, Pages 1187-1203Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10886-005-4256-y
Keywords
allelopathy; Brassica campestris; BrdU; camphor; 1,8-cineole; alpha-pinene; beta-pinene; camphene; DNA synthesis; Salvia leucophylla; terpenoid; volatile growth inhibitor
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Salvia leucophylla, a shrub observed in coastal south California, produces several volatile monoterpenoids (camphor, 1,8-cincole, beta-pinene, a-pinene, and camphene) that potentially act as allelochemicals. The effects of these were examined using Brassica campestris as the test plant. Camphor, 1,9-cineole, and beta-pinene inhibited germination of B. campestris seeds at high concentrations, whereas a-pinene and camphene did not. Root growth was inhibited by all five monoterpenoids in a dose-dependent manner, but hypocotyl growth was largely unaffected. The monoterpenoids did not alter the sizes of matured cells in either hypocotyls or roots, indicating that cell expansion is relatively insensitive to these compounds. They did not decrease the mitotic index in the shoot apical region, but specifically lowered mitotic index in the root apical meristem. Moreover, morphological and biochemical analyses on the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine into DNA demonstrated that the monoterpenoids inhibit both cell-nuclear and organelle DNA synthesis in the root apical meristem. These results suggest that the monoterpenoids produced by S. leucophylla could interfere with the growth of other plants in its vicinity through inhibition of cell proliferation in the root apical meristem.
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