Plasma damage-free sputtering of indium tin oxide cathode layers for top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes

We report on plasma damage-free sputtering of an indium tin oxide (ITO) cathode layer, which was grown by a mirror shape target sputtering (MSTS) technique, for use in top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TOLEDs). It is shown that OLEDs with ITO cathodes deposited by MSTS show much lower leakage current (9.2 X 10(-5) mA/cm(2)) at reverse bias of -6 V as compared to that (1 x 10(-1)-10(-2) mA/cm(2) at -6 V) of OLEDs with ITO cathodes grown by conventional do magnetron sputtering. Based on high-resolution electron microcopy, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy results, we describe a possible mechanism by which plasma damage-free ITO films are grown and their application for TOLEDs. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics.