Journal
APPLIED ENERGY
Volume 228, Issue -, Pages 2510-2525Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.07.089
Keywords
Smart building; Load aggregation; Demand response; Proactive demand participation; Building cluster coordination; Distribution network
Categories
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFB0901905]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61472318, 61632015, 61772408, 6180022135, U1766215, U1736205]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [1637258, 1637249]
- Department of Energy [DE-OE0000840]
- Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation [151067]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [1637258, 1637249] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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With big thermal storage capacity and controllable loads such as the heating ventilation and air conditioning systems, buildings have great potential in providing demand response services to the smart grid: However, uncoordinated energy management of a large number of buildings in a distribution feeder can push power distribution systems into the emergency states where operating constraints are not completely satisfied. In this paper, we propose a bi-level building load aggregation methodology to coordinate the operations of heterogeneous smart buildings of a distribution feeder. The proposed methodology not only reduces the electricity costs of buildings but also guarantees that all the distribution operating constraints such as the distribution line thermal limit, phase imbalance, and transformer capacity limit are satisfied.
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