Restoration of β-adrenergic receptor signaling and contractile function in heart failure by disruption of the βARK1/phosphoinositide 3-kinase complex

Background - Desensitization and downregulation of myocardial beta-adrenergic receptors ( beta ARs) are initiated by the increase in beta AR kinase 1 (beta ARK1) levels. By interacting with beta ARK1 through the phosphoinositide kinase (PIK) domain, phosphoinositide 3- kinase ( PI3K) is targeted to agonist- stimulated beta ARs, where it regulates endocytosis. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of receptor- targeted PI3K activity would alter receptor trafficking and ameliorate beta AR signaling, ultimately improving contractility of failing cardiomyocytes. Methods and Results - To competitively displace PI3K from beta ARK1, we generated mice with cardiac- specific overexpression of the PIK domain. Seven- day isoproterenol administration in wild- type mice induced desensitization of beta ARs and their redistribution from the plasma membrane to early and late endosomes. In contrast, transgenic PIK overexpression prevented the redistribution of beta ARs away from the plasma membrane and preserved their responsiveness to agonist. We further tested whether PIK overexpression could normalize already established beta AR abnormalities and ameliorate contractile dysfunction in a large animal model of heart failure induced by rapid ventricular pacing in pigs. Failing porcine hearts showed increased beta ARK1- associated PI3K activity and marked desensitization and redistribution of beta ARs to endosomal compartments. Importantly, adenoviral gene transfer of the PIK domain in failing pig myocytes resulted in reduced receptor- localized PI3K activity and restored to nearly normal agonist- stimulated cardiomyocyte contractility. Conclusions - These data indicate that the heart failure state is associated with a maladaptive redistribution of beta ARs away from the plasma membrane that can be counteracted through a strategy that targets the beta ARK1/ PI3K complex.