Journal
APPLIED ENERGY
Volume 114, Issue -, Pages 809-818Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.011
Keywords
Biodiesel; Esterification; Magnetic ionic liquid; Optimization; Kinetic; Recycle
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Funding
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
- Zamalah Scholarship
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The esterification of oleic acid in the presence of magnetic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate ([BMIM][FeCI4]) at reaction temperature of 65 degrees C has been investigated. Artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) was used to simultaneously optimized methyl oleate yield and oleic acid conversion for the reaction. It was found that optimum responses for both yield and conversion were 83.4%, which can be achieved using molar ratio methanol-oleic acid of 22:1, catalyst loading of 0.003 mol and reaction time at 3.6 h. Esterification of oleic acid at optimum condition using recycled [BMIM][FeCl4] registered not much loss in catalytic activity after six successive runs. Kinetic study indicated that the reaction followed a pseudo-first order reaction, with activation energy and pre-activation energy of 17.97 kJ/mol and 181.62 min(-1), respectively. These values were relatively low compared to homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts for esterification of oleic acid. Thus, [BMIM][FeCI4] is a promising new type of catalyst for conversion of high free fatty acid (FFA) feeds to biodiesel. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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