Journal
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
Volume 79, Issue 12, Pages 7745-7755Publisher
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.79.12.7745-7755.2005
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Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI020566-23, R01 AI020566, R01 AI020566-24, R01 AI020566-22, AI20566, R21 AI020566, R01 AI020566-20A1, R37 AI020566, R01 AI020566-21] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM062580, P01-GM62580] Funding Source: Medline
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Poliovirus provides a well-characterized system for understanding how nonenveloped viruses enter and infect cells. Upon binding its receptor, poliovirus undergoes an irreversible conformational change to the 135S cell entry intermediate. This transition involves shifts of the capsid protein 0 barrels, accompanied by the externalization of VP4 and the N terminus of V-P1. Both polypeptides associate with membranes and are postulated to facilitate entry by forming a translocation pore for the viral RNA. We have calculated cryoelectron microscopic reconstructions of 135S particles that permit accurate placement of the 0 barrels, loops, and terminal extensions of the capsid proteins. The reconstructions and resulting models indicate that each N terminus of VP1 exits the capsid though an opening in the interface between VP1 and VP3 at the base of the canyon that surrounds the fivefold axis. Comparison with reconstructions of 135S particles in which the first 31 residues of VP1 were proteolytically removed revealed that the externalized N terminus is located near the tips of propeller-like features surrounding the threefold axes rather than at the fivefold axes, as had been proposed in previous models. These observations have forced a reexamination of current models for the role of the 135S particle in transmembrane pore formation and suggest testable alternatives.
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