Analytical strategies for renewable distributed generation integration considering energy loss minimization

This paper presents three alternative analytical expressions, including two new expressions, to determine the optimum sizes and operating strategy of distributed generation (DG) units considering power loss minimization and a methodology to identify the best location. These expressions can be easily adapted to consider the renewable DG units (i.e., biomass, wind and photovoltaic) for minimizing energy losses by considering time-varying demand and possible operating conditions of DG units. The results obtained on a 69-bus distribution test system demonstrate that the proposed approaches can be adequate to determine the location, size and power factor of DG unit for minimizing energy losses. The alternative expressions can be utilized depending on availability of required data and these produce similar outcomes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.