Journal
APPLIED ENERGY
Volume 86, Issue 4, Pages 575-577Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.07.003
Keywords
Renewable; Non-renewable; Energy; Real GDP; Granger-causality
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This note employs US annual data from 1949 to 2006 to compare the causal relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and real GDP, respectively. Given the sample size of the study, the Toda-Yamamoto causality tests reveal the absence of Granger-causality between renewable or non-renewable energy consumption and real GDP which supports the neutrality hypothesis. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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