Journal
JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING
Volume 15, Issue 6, Pages 1184-1187Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/0960-1317/15/6/008
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Electrowetting on dielectric-coated electrodes involves two independently observable phenomena: (i) the well-known voltage dependence of the apparent contact angle and (ii) a central electromechanical force that can be exploited to move and manipulate small liquid volumes on a substrate. The electromechanical force does not depend upon field-mediated changes of the contact angle; it is operative even if the liquid surface is constrained. Forces on liquid volumes may be determined using capacitance or the Maxwell stress tensor with no reference made to liquid surface profiles. According to this interpretation, a nonlinear mechanism manifesting a voltage threshold is responsible for both contact angle saturation and the observed clamping of the electromechanical force.
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