Thermal properties of sodium-exchanged palabora vermiculite

Palabora vermiculite represents an interstratified vermiculite-biotite containing less than 50% vermiculite. The sodium-exchanged form was prepared by immersion in saturated brine at ambient conditions. The sodium content reached the equilibrium level within the first month of exposure. However, XRD diffractograms continued to evolve and sharpen over a six-month period. The thermal-activated exfoliation was studied using thermo-mechanical analysis. The expansion of the neat vermiculite commenced at temperatures above 420 degrees C. Sodium exchange decreased the onset temperature by about 120 degrees C. The linear expansion reached a maximum of about eight-fold at temperatures around 700 degrees C and decreased again at higher temperatures. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.