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PHYSICS LETTERS A
Volume 340, Issue 1-4, Pages 237-242Publisher
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DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2005.02.047
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We present a theory for finite-amplitude relativistic electron holes, which are localized Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) solutions characterized by a trapped population of electrons moving with the electron hole. We find that the relativistic effects can drastically modify the electron hole, which becomes wider and is associated with a larger electrostatic potential, accelerating the electrons to highly relativistic energies. The theory has relevance for understanding the properties of strong localized electric fields in high-energy laser-plasma experiments and in supernovae remnants, where relativistic electron holes are a natural product of streaming instabilities. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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