Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 280, Issue 23, Pages 21720-21725Publisher
AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M410057200
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PYPAF3 is a member of the PYRIN-containing apoptotic protease-activating factor-1-like proteins (PYPAFs, also called NALPs). Among the members of this family, PYPAF1, PYPAF5, PYPAF7, and NALP1 have been shown to induce caspase-1-dependent interleukin-1 beta secretion and NF-kappa B activation in the presence of the adaptor molecule ASC. On the other hand, we recently discovered that PYNOD, another member of this family, is a suppressor of these responses. Here, we show that PYPAF3 is the second member that inhibits caspase-1-dependent interleukin-1 beta secretion. In contrast, PYPAF2/NALP2 does not inhibit this response but rather inhibits the NF-kappa B activation that is induced by the combined expression of PYPAF1 and ASC. Both PYPAF2 and PYPAF3 mRNAs are broadly expressed in a variety of tissues; however, neither is expressed in skeletal muscle, and only PYPAF2 mRNA is expressed in heart and brain. They are also expressed in many cell lines of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic lineages. Stimulation of monocytic THP-1 cells with lipopolysaccharide or interleukin-1 beta induced PYPAF3 mRNA expression. Furthermore, the stable expression of PYPAF3 in THP-1 cells abrogated the ability of the cells to produce interleukin-1 beta in response to lipopolysaccharide. These results suggest that PYPAF3 is a feedback regulator of interleukin-1 beta secretion. Thus, PYPAF2 and PYPAF3, together with PYNOD, constitute an anti-inflammatory subgroup of PYPAFs.
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