Journal
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
Volume 85, Issue 1-2, Pages 86-91Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.07.005
Keywords
Biodiesel; Esterification; Transesterification; Waste cooking oil; Methyl esters; Solid acid catalyst; Free fatty acids
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Various solid acid catalysts were evaluated for the production of biodiesel from low quality oil such as waste cooking oil (WCO) containing 15 wt.% free fatty acids. The zinc stearate immobilized on silica gel (ZS/Si) was the most effective catalyst in simultaneously catalyzing the transesterification of triglycerides and esterification of free fatty acid (FFA) present in WCO to methyl esters. The optimization of reaction parameters with the most active ZS/Si catalyst showed that at 200 degrees C, 1: 18 oil to alcohol molar ratio and 3 wt.% catalysts loading, a maximum ester yield of 98 wt.% could be obtained. The catalysts were recycled and reused many times without any loss in activity. (c) 0 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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