Journal
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
Volume 18, Issue 12, Pages 2021-2036Publisher
AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3362.1
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A merged land-air-sea surface temperature reconstruction analysis is developed for monthly anomalies. The reconstruction is global and spatially complete. Reconstructed anomalies damp toward zero in regions with insufficient sampling. Error estimates account for the damping associated with sparse sampling, and also for bias uncertainty in both the land and sea observations. Averages of the reconstruction are similar to simple averages of the unanalyzed data for most of the analysis period. For the nineteenth century, when sampling is most sparse and the error estimates are largest, the differences between the averaged reconstruction and the simple averages are largest. Sampling is always sparse poleward of 60 degrees latitude, and historic reconstructions for the polar regions should be used with caution.
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