Journal
APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
Volume 477, Issue -, Pages 172-183Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcata.2014.03.021
Keywords
Modified HZSM-5; FCC additives; Manganese; Alkaline treatment; Light olefins
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Higher Education, Saudi Arabia for establishing the Center of Research Excellence in Petroleum Refining & Petrochemicals at King Fand University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM)
- KFUPM
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HZSM-5 with varying Si/Al-2 ratios were modified with Mn and alkaline treatment and tested as FCC catalyst additives to enhance the yield of light olefins (in particular, propylene) from catalytic cracking of hydrotreated Arab Light vacuum gas oil (VGO). The performance of the Mn/HZSM-5 and alkaline treated HZSM-5 additives were assessed using a commercial equilibrium USY FCC catalyst (E-Cat) in a fixed-bed micro-activity test unit at 550 degrees C and various catalyst/oil ratios. The yield of light olefins over E-Cat containing parent HZSM-5 increased to 18.1, 25.4 and 27.4 wt% for Si/Al-2 of 30, 80 and 280, respectively, compared with 15.4 wt% over E-Cat (at 75 wt% conversion). Further increase in light olefins yield was achieved upon using Mn modified HZSM-5 as an additive. The highest light olefins yield of 29.2 wt% was achieved over E-Cat-Mn/HZSM-5 (Si/Al-2 = 80, 2.0 wt% Mn). The enhanced production of light olefins over the Mn/HZSM-5 additive is mainly attributed to the decrease in the acid density and the amount of strong acid sites, and (possibly) the partial narrowing of ZSM-5 micropore. Alkaline treated HZSM-5 also exhibited high light olefins yield compared with parent HZSM-5, due to the formation of hierarchical micro-mesa topology. The highest light olefins yield of similar to 28.3 wt% was obtained over E-Cat-containing alkaline treated HZSM-5 (Si/Al-2 = 80-280, using the appropriate desilication conditions). (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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