Supracrustal input to magmas in the deep crust of Sierra Nevada batholith:: Evidence from high-δ18O zircon

Oxygen isotope ratios of zircon (Zc) from intrusives exposed in the Tehachapi Mountains, southern California, reveal large inputs of high-delta O-18 supracrustal contaminant into gabbroic and tonalitic magmas deep (> 30 km) in the Cretaceous Sierra Nevada batholith. High delta O-18(Zc) values (7.8 +/- 0.7 parts per thousand) predominate in the deep parts of the batholith, but lower values (6.1 +/- 0.9 parts per thousand) occur in shallower parts. This indicates a larger gradient in delta O-18 with depth in the batholith than occurs from west to east across it. Oxygen, Sr, and Nd isotope data show that the supracrustal contaminant was likely young (Paleozoic or Mesozoic), hydrothermally altered upper oceanic crust or volcanic arc sediments. Such rocks were subducted or underthrust beneath the Sierran arc during accretion of oceanic terranes onto North America. This component yielded high-delta O-18 magmas that were added to the base of the batholith. On average, gabbros in the southern Sierra contain at least 18% of the subducted supracrustal component. Some tonalite and granodiorite magmas were additionally contaminated by Kings Sequence metasedimentary rocks, as evidenced by delta O-18(Zc) and initial Sr-87/Sr-86 that trend toward values measured for the Kings Sequence. Besides high delta O-18 values in the southern Sierra, xenoliths in the central Sierra also have elevated delta O-18, which confirms the widespread abundance Of supracrustal material in the sub-arc lithospheric mantle. In contrast to delta O-18(Zc), whole rock delta O-18 values of many samples have undergone post-magmatic alteration that obscures the magmatic contamination history of those rocks. Such alteration previously prevented confident determination of the mass of young, hydrothermally altered mantle rocks that contributed to Sierran granitoids. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.