Journal
TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE
Volume 72, Issue 6, Pages 681-696Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2004.08.014
Keywords
transition; system innovation; co-evolution; multi-level perspective; patterns
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This article investigates transitions at the level of societal functions (e.g., transport, communication, housing). Societal functions are fulfilled by sociotechnical systems, which consist of a cluster of aligned elements, e.g., artifacts, knowledge, markets, regulation, cultural meaning, infrastructure, maintenance networks and supply networks. Transitions are conceptualised as system innovations, i.e., a change from one sociotechnical system to another. The article describes a co-evolutionary multi-level perspective to understand how system innovations come about through the interplay between technology and society. The article makes a new step as it further refines the multi-level perspective by distinguishing characteristic patterns: (a) two transition routes, (b) fit-stretch pattern, and (c) patterns in breakthrough. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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