Journal
IONICS
Volume 21, Issue 10, Pages 2969-2980Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11581-015-1458-3
Keywords
Morphine; Electrochemical sensor; Multiwall carbon nanotubes; Au nanoparticles; Molecularly imprinted polymer; Pencil graphite electrode
Funding
- Research Affairs Division of Isfahan University of Technology (IUT)
- Research Council of Isfahan University of Technology (IUT)
- Center of Excellence in Sensor and Green Chemistry of Isfahan University of Technology (IUT)
- Iranian Nanotechnology Initiative Council
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A simple and rapid electrochemical method developed for the detection of trace amounts of morphine (MO) at the surface of modified pencil graphite electrode (PGE) with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).Various types of electrochemical methods containing cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to probe the characteristics of the constructed electrode toward morphine. After optimization of several effective parameters, the calibration curve by SWV was linear in two linear domains, over the range of 0.008 to 5 mu mol L-1 vs. Ag/AgCl, and the detection limit was 2.9 nM. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for six replicate determinations of 0.05 mu mol L-1 MO was found to be 2.57 % (S/N = 3). Finally, the ability of the electrochemical sensor was successfully applied for MO determination in real samples such as human urine and plasma.
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