Journal
INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 35, Issue 7, Pages 729-739Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.02.011
Keywords
lectin; coagulation; melanization; maternal effect; hexamerin; Bacillus thuringiensis; endotoxin
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Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins (Bt-toxins) are the most important biopesticides used in controlling insect pests and vectors of diseases. The emergence of widespread resistance to Bt in some insect species is a serious threat to agricultural production. Analysis of Bt-resistant and susceptible laboratory strains of Helicoverpa armigera revealed elevated immune responses involving increased melanization and the presence of a soluble toxin-binding glycoprotein in the hemolymph and gut lumen of the resistant strain. We propose a resistance mechanism against toxins based on a systemic immune-induction that can be transmitted to the next generation by a maternal effect. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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