Journal
APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 168, Issue 4, Pages 864-876Publisher
HUMANA PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9825-2
Keywords
Bisphenol-A; Endocrine disruption; Estrogen receptor; Zebrafish; Laccase; Nonylphenol; Triclosan; Immobilized laccase; Vitellogenin
Funding
- National University of Mexico [DGAPA-UNAM IN-201611]
- National Council of Science and Technology
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Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are known to mainly affect aquatic organisms, producing negative effects in aquaculture. Transformation of the estrogenic compounds 17 beta-estradiol (E2), bisphenol-A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), and triclosan (TCS) by laccase of Coriolopsis gallica was studied. Laccase is able to efficiently transform them into polymers. The estrogenic activity of the EDCs and their laccase transformation products was evaluated in vitro as their affinity for the human estrogen receptor alpha (hER alpha) and for the ligand binding domain of zebrafish (Danio rerio) estrogen receptor alpha (zfER alpha LBD). E2, BPA, NP, and TCS showed higher affinity for the zfER alpha LBD than for hER alpha. After laccase treatment, no affinity was found, except a marginal affinity of E2 products for the zfER alpha LBD. Endocrine disruption studies in vivo on zebrafish were performed using the induction of vitellogenin 1 as a biomarker (VTG1 mRNA levels). The use of enzymatic bioreactors, containing immobilized laccase, efficiently eliminates the endocrine activity of BPA and TCS, and significantly reduces the effects of E2. The potential use of enzymatic reactors to eliminate the endocrine activity of EDCs in supply water for aquaculture is discussed.
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