Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
Volume 24, Issue 7, Pages 1807-1815Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1897/04-480R.1
Keywords
lead; toxicity; dietary toxicity; amphipod; water-quality criteria
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We evaluated the influence of waterborne and dietary lead (Pb) exposure on the acute and chronic toxicity of Pb to the amiphipod Hyidella azteca. Test solutions were generated by a modified diluter with an extended (24-h) equilibration period. Acute (96-h) toxicity of Pb varied with water hardness in the range of 71 to 275 mg/L as CaCO3, despite similar dissolved Pb concentrations. Acute toxicity was greatest in soft test water, with less than 50% survival at the lowest dissolved Pb concentration (151 mu g/L). Survival also was significantly reduced in medium-hardness water but not in hard test water. In chronic (42-d) studies, amphipods were exposed to waterborne Ph and fed either a control diet or a diet equilibrated with waterborne Ph levels. For animals fed the control diet. the median lethal concentration (LC50) for Ph was 24 mu g/L (as dissolved Pb), and significant reductions in Survival occurred at 16 mu g/L. Exposure to Pb-treated diets significantly increased toxicity across a wide range of dissolved Ph concentrations, with a LC50 of 16 mu g/L and significant reductions in growth and reproduction at 3.5 mu g/L. Significant effects oil growth and reproduction Occurred at dissolved Pb concentrations close to the current U.S. chronic water-quality criterion. Our results Suggest that both aqueous- and dietary-exposure pathways contribute significantly to chronic Ph exposure and toxic effects in aquatic biota.
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