Journal
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 81, Issue 5, Pages 1550-1558Publisher
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03256-14
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [31328001]
- NSFC [30625001]
- Welch Foundation [AU00024]
- University of Texas System Star award
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston faculty startup funds
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Pneumocandins produced by the fungus Glarea lozoyensis are acylated cyclic hexapeptides of the echinocandin family. Pneumocandin B-0 is the starting molecule for the first semisynthetic echinocandin antifungal drug, caspofungin acetate. In the wild-type strain, pneumocandin B-0 is a minor fermentation product, and its industrial production was achieved by a combination of extensive mutation and medium optimization. The pneumocandin biosynthetic gene cluster was previously elucidated by a whole-genome sequencing approach. Knowledge of the biosynthetic cluster suggested an alternative way to produce exclusively pneumocandin B-0. Disruption of GLOXY4, encoding a nonheme, alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent oxygenase, confirmed its involvement in L-leucine cyclization to form 4S-methyl-L-proline. The absence of 4S-methyl-L-proline abolishes pneumocandin A(0) production, and 3S-hydroxyl-L-proline occupies the hexapeptide core's position 6, resulting in exclusive production of pneumocandin B-0. Retrospective analysis of the GLOXY4 gene in a previously isolated pneumocandin B-0-exclusive mutant (ATCC 74030) indicated that chemical mutagenesis disrupted the GLOXY4 gene function by introducing two amino acid mutations in GLOXY4. This one-step genetic manipulation can rationally engineer a high-yield production strain.
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