Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
Volume 24, Issue 8, Pages 1896-1901Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1897/04-259R.1
Keywords
bisphenol A; Chlorella fusca; estrogenic activity; landfill leachate; monohydroxybisphenol A
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Bisphenol A (BPA) is known as an endocrine disruptor and often is found in landfill leachates. Removal of BPA by green alga, Chlorella fusca, was characterized, because we previously found that various phenols were well removed by this strain, including BPA. Chlorella fusca was able to remove almost all BPA in the concentration range from 10 to 80 mu M for 168 h under continuous illumination at 18 W/m(2). At the low light intensity of 2 W/m(2) 82% of 40 mu M BPA was removed, and only 27% was removed in the dark. Moreover, C fusca could remove 90% of 40 mu M BPA under the 8:16-h light:dark condition, which was almost as high as that under the continuous-light condition. The amount of BPA contained in the cells was less than the amount of BPA removed from the medium. Monohydroxybisphenol A was detected as an intermediate of BPA degradation. Moreover, estrogenic activity that originated from BPA in the culture medium also completely disappeared. Based on these results, BPA was finally degraded to compounds having nonestrogenic activity. Therefore, C. fusca can be considered a useful organism to remove BPA from landfill leachates.
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