Optimization of continuous phenol extraction from Vitis vinifera byproducts

Grape byproducts are a cheap source of antiradical phenols, extractable as food preservatives or dietary supplements for disease prevention. However, efficiency of extraction strongly depends on operative conditions. In this work, the effects of three critical variables - flow-rate (between 2 and 3 ml/min), sample quantity (between 2.5 and 7.5 g) and particle size (between 0.5 and 5.5 min) - on extraction efficiency were studied. Process conditions maximizing the antiradical activity of the phenol extract were found to be 2 ml/ min flow rate, 2.5 g sample quantity and 0.5 mm particle size. In addition, extraction promoted the formation of phenolic compounds not naturally occurring in the grape residue. Chromatographic profiles of extracts confirmed that these novel compounds were formed as a consequence of phenol polymerisation. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.