Journal
DEVELOPMENT
Volume 132, Issue 15, Pages 3381-3392Publisher
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/dev.01901
Keywords
BMP; chordin; sizzled; morpholino; Spemann organizer; brain induction; dorsoal-ventral patterning
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Funding
- NICHD NIH HHS [R37 HD021502, R37 HD21502-19, R37 HD021502-18] Funding Source: Medline
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To address the patterning function of the Bmp2, Bmp4 and Bmp7 growth factors, we designed antisense morpholino oligomers (MO) that block their activity in Xenopus laevis. Bmp4 knockdown was sufficient to rescue the ventralizing effects caused by loss of Chordin activity. Double Bmp4 and Bmp7 knockdown inhibited tail development. Triple Bmp2/Bmp4/Bmp7 depletion further compromised trunk development but did not eliminate dorsoventral patterning. Unexpectedly, we found that blocking Spemann organizer formation by UV treatment or beta-Catenin depletion caused BMP inhibition to have much more potent effects, abolishing all ventral development and resulting in embryos having radial central nervous system (CNS) structures. Surprisingly, dorsal signaling molecules such as Chordin, Noggin, Xnr6 and Cerberus were not re-expressed in these embryos. We conclude that BMP inhibition is sufficient for neural induction in vivo, and that in the absence of ventral BMPs, Spemann organizer signals are not required for brain formation.
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