Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 102, Issue 32, Pages 11420-11425Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0504950102
Keywords
innate immunity; NF-kappa B; relish; cecropin; lmd
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Funding
- NHGRI NIH HHS [K22 HG00045, K22 HG000045] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI44220-06A1, P01 AI044220] Funding Source: Medline
- Wellcome Trust Funding Source: Medline
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We show that, in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, expression of Cecropin 1 is regulated by REL2, an NF-kappa B-like transcription factor orthologous to Drosophila Relish. Through alternative splicing, REL2 produces a full-length (REL2-F) and a shorter (REL2-S) protein isoform lacking the inhibitory ankyrin repeats and death domain. RNA interference experiments show that, in contrast to Drosophila Relish, which responds solely to Gram-negative bacteria, the Anopheles REL2-F and REL2-S isoforms are involved in defense against the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria, respectively. REL2-F also regulates the intensity of mosquito infection with the malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei. The adaptor IMD shares the same activities as REL2-F. Microarray analysis identified 10 additional genes regulated by REL2, including CEC3, GAM1, and LRIM1.
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