Applications of synchrotron X-rays to radiotherapy

Radiotherapy is among the most useful treatments of cancer. Penetrating radiation (ionizing particles or bremsstrahlung photons) is aimed toward the tumor-bearing target, gradually delivering as high radiation to it as is usefully suppressive of tumor growth, yet tolerated by normal vital tissues inevitably irradiated with the tumor. The high collimation and dose rate of synchrotron X-ray beams, even when monochromatized, favor radiotherapy. Photon activation therapy, tomotherapy, microbeam radiation therapy, and radiosurgery mediated by synchrotron wigglers are conceptually promising for difficult tumors. Radiotherapy of malignant brain tumors in rats has been encouraging, but suitable beam lines exist at only a few research facilities and much basic work must be done before the promise of synchrotron-based radiotherapy can be realized clinically. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.