Journal
APOPTOSIS
Volume 20, Issue 2, Pages 124-135Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1054-4
Keywords
Apoptosis; NF-kB activation; DED; CARD; Crystal structure; Signaling complex
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology [MOST 101-2311-B-006-008-MY3, MOST 101-2320-B-001-034-MY3]
- Academia Sinica Thematic Research Program [AS-102-TP-B14-1, AS-102-TP-B14-2]
- Academia Sinica Postdoc Fellowship
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Apoptosis is an important process to maintain cellular homeostasis. Deregulated apoptosis has linked to a number of diseases, such as inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorder, and cancers. A major signaling complex in the death receptor signaling pathway leading to apoptosis is death-induced signaling complex (DISC), which is regulated mainly by death effector domain (DED)-containing proteins. There are seven DED-containing proteins in human, including FADD, c-FLIP, caspase-8, caspase-10, DEDD, DEDD2, and PEA-15. The main players in DISC formation employ tandem DEDs for regulating signaling complex formation. The regulatory mechanism of signaling complex formation is important and yet remains unclear. Interestingly, three caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing members, which belong to the same DD superfamily as DED-containing proteins, also contains similar tandem CARDs. Recent structural studies have shown that tandem CARDs are essential for the formation of a helical signaling complex. This review summarizes recent structural studies on DED-containing proteins and especially discusses the studies on tandem DEDs and tandem CARDs, which suggest new mechanisms of signaling complex assembly.
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