Identification of risk factors for the development of complications following extended and superextended lymphadenectomies for gastric cancer

Background: Extended lymphadenectomy for gastric carcinoma has been associated with high mortality and morbidity rates in several multicentre randomized trials. Methods: Using data from 523 patients registered for a prospective randomized trial comparing extended (D2) and superextended (D3) lymphadenectomies, risk factors for overall complications and major surgical complications (anastomotic leakage, intra-abdominal abscess and pancreatic fistula) were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Mortality and morbidity rates were 0.8 per cent (four of 523) and 24.5 per cent (128 of 523) respectively. Pancreatectomy (relative risk 5.62 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1.94 to 16.27)) and prolonged operating time (relative risk 2.65 (95 per cent confidence interval 1.34 to 5.23)) were the most important risk factors for overall complications. A body mass index of 25 kg/m(2) or above, pancreatectomy and age greater than 65 years were significant predictors of major surgical complications. Conclusion: Pancreatectomy should be reserved for patients with stage T4 disease. Age and obesity should be considered when planning surgery.