Journal
MOLECULAR CELL
Volume 19, Issue 5, Pages 655-666Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.07.020
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Funding
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM074252-01, GM30717, GM74252, GM38147] Funding Source: Medline
- PHS HHS [R01 64530] Funding Source: Medline
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Streptolydigin (Stl) is a potent inhibitor of bacterial RNA polymerases (RNAPs). The 2.4 angstrom resolution structure of the Thermus thermophilus RNAP-Stl complex showed that, in full agreement with the available genetic data, the inhibitor binding site is located 20 angstrom away from the RNAP active site and encompasses the bridge helix and the trigger loop, two elements that are considered to be crucial for RNAP catalytic center function. Structure-based biochemical experiments revealed additional determinants of Stl binding and demonstrated that Stl does not affect NTP substrate binding, DNA translocation, and phosphodiester bond formation. The RNAP-Stl complex structure, its comparison with the closely related substrate bound eukaryotic transcription elongation complexes, and biochemical analysis suggest an inhibitory mechanism in which Stl stabilizes catalytically inactive (preinsertion) substrate bound transcription intermediate, thereby blocking structural isomerization of RNAP to an active configuration. The results provide a basis for a design of new antibiotics utilizing the Stl-like mechanism.
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