Journal
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 96, Issue 13, Pages 1445-1450Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.12.008
Keywords
pitch; extractives; industrial hemp; Cannabis sativa; defoamer; fatty acid salts; paper pulp; analytical pyrolysis; tetramethylammonium hydroxide
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The composition of pitch deposits occurring in pulp sheets and mill circuits during soda/anthraquinone pulping and elemental chlorine-free pulp bleaching of bast fibers of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) was studied. Pitch deposits were extracted with acetone, and the extracts analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Acetone extracts (15-25% of pitch deposits) were constituted by the defoamers used at the mill and by lipophilic extractives from hemp fibers. Acetone-insoluble residues (75-85% of pitch deposits) were analyzed by pyrolysis-GC/MS in the presence and absence of tetramethylammonium. hydroxide. These residues were constituted by salts of fatty acids (arising from hemp fibers) with calcium, magnesium, aluminum and other cations that were identified in the deposits. It was concluded that inappropriate use of defoamer together with the presence of multivalent ions seemed to be among the causes of hemp extractives deposition in the pitch problems reported here. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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