Journal
APIDOLOGIE
Volume 41, Issue 3, Pages 375-392Publisher
SPRINGER FRANCE
DOI: 10.1051/apido/2010019
Keywords
Nosema ceranae; Nosema apis; Apis mellifera; nosemosis; Europe
Categories
Funding
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (INIA)
- Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM)
- Ministerio de Media Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino (API/FEGA-MARM FOUNDS)
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In this review, relevant data is presented on an emerging disease of the 21th century in European countries, caused by Nosema ceranae. Within a few years after it was detected in Spain in 2005, the rest of European countries that had technical capacity to differentiate Nosema apis from N. ceranae reported its presence. In a similar way as the initial detection of Varroa in Europe, active scientific work is raising many questions due to the absence of clinical symptoms in infected colonies and a long incubation period of the pathogen. N. ceranae presents a different epidemiological pattern and pathology compared to N. apis. The disease caused by N. ceranae is now named nosemosis type C (COLOSS workshop, 2009) and is characterized by the ability to detect the disease-causing agent throughout the year. The continuous death of highly infected bees, mostly foragers, has a clear effect on colony population and productivity. Although there has been a huge effort in the last years to increase knowledge about this disease, significant research is still needed on epidemiology, pathology, prophyllaxis and treatment.
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