Controlled release of anti-inflammatory agent α-MSH from neural implants

Si-multi-electrode arrays implanted into brain tissue for long-term recording lose electrical connectivity due to the post-implantation inflammatory reaction. This inflammatory reaction creates a physical and electrical gap between the electrode and the surrounding neurons. In this study, novel nitrocellulose-based coatings were developed for the sustained delivery of the anti-inflammatory neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). alpha-MSH was incorporated in micron-scale nitrocellulose coatings and slow, sustained release over 21 days was attained in vitro. The alpha-MSH released on day 21 was still bioactive, and successfully inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production by LPS-stimulated microglia. The amount of initial drug loading directly affected the release rate, with higher initial loading increasing the mass released but not the percent of drug released. The surface morphology and thickness of the coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and profilometry. In addition, impedance measurement showed that the alpha-MSH loaded nitrocellulose coatings reduced the magnitude of electrode impedance at the biologically relevant frequency of 1 kHz. In conclusion, nitrocellulose-based, bioactive coatings that release anti-inflammatory agents without increasing the impedence of the electrode were successfully fabricated. These coatings have the potential to reduce inflammation at the electrode-brain interface in vivo, and facilitate long-term recordings from Si-multi-electrode arrays. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.