Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 32, Issue 18, Pages -Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2005GL023716
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Clear skies, subsequent to Hurricane Ivan's passage across the Gulf of Mexico in September 2004, provided a unique opportunity to investigate upper ocean responses to a major hurricane. Oceanic cyclonic circulation was rapidly intensified by the hurricane's wind field (59-62 m s(-1)), maximizing upwelling and surface cooling (3-7 degrees C) in two large areas along Ivan's track. Upward isothermal displacements of 50-65 m, computed from wind stress and sea surface height changes, caused rapid ventilation of thermoclines and nutriclines, leading to phytoplankton blooms with peak concentrations 3-4 days later. Wind speed changes along Ivan's track demonstrated that the cool waters (20-26 degrees C) provided immediate negative feedback to the hurricane's intensity. Although our study focused on a relatively small ocean area, it revealed that mesoscale cyclones, in addition to warm anticyclones, may play an important role in producing along-track hurricane intensity changes.
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