Journal
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
Volume 43, Issue 4, Pages 679-686Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.02.049
Keywords
ER stress; hepatocellular carcinoma; CHOP/GADD153; Mcl-1
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Background/Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a very common malignancy and is highly chemoresistant to currently available chemotherapeutic agents. We isolated a marine prostanoid, bromovulone III, from soft coral Clavularia viridis and found that it displayed effective anti-tumor activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma. The anti-tumor mechanism has been delineated in this study. Methods: Anti-tumor efficacy and apoptotic cell death were examined by sulforhodamine B and Hoechst 33342 assays. Rhodamine 123 was used to measure the change of mitochondrial membrane potential. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting detect the involvement of several apoptosis-related proteins. Electron microscopic examination detects the morphological change of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Results: Bromovulone III primarily induced mitochondria-related activation of caspase-9 and -3 in several tumor types, such as prostate cancer PC-3 and acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. However, it primarily induced the activation of m-calpain, caspase-12, and transcription factor CHOP/GADD153 in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells, suggesting the involvement of ER stress. Furthermore, a secondary mitochondrial swelling and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential were subsequently triggered after ER stress, suggesting the crosstalk between ER and mitochondria. Conclusions: It is suggested that bromovulone III induces apoptosis in Hep3B cells through a mechanism that induces ER stress and leads to activation of CHOP/GADD153 and caspase-12. (c) 2005 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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