On the phenology of north sea ichthyoplankton

The timing of fish larvae abundance was investigated at Helgoland Roads ill the southern North Sea for the years 1990, 1993-1996, 1998, and 1999. From the 44 species identified, 27 were sufficiently abundant in more than 3 years and had well defined seasonal changes to calculate their phenology. The passage of the 15%. 50%, and 85% annual cumulative abundance thresholds was used to define the start of season, middle of season, and end of season, respectively. The timing of a significant number of these events was correlated with the mean annual winter sea Surface temperatures (SSTs) in weeks 1-10 with higher temperatures leading to earlier appearance. The timing of the end of season was also negatively correlated with the SSTs. Sole (Solea solea) is presented as an example of the general functional relationship. (c) 2005 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.