Relationship between arterial stiffness and cognitive function in elderly subjects with complaints of memory loss

Background and Purpose - To evaluate the relationship between arterial stiffness and cognitive function in a population of elderly subjects reporting memory loss. Methods - We studied the association between cognitive function and arterial stiffness in 308 consecutive elderly subjects attending a geriatric outpatient clinic reporting memory impairment. Subjects were classified into 4 categories according to neuropsychological evaluation: normal cognitive function, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer disease (AD), or vascular dementia (VaD). Arterial stiffness was evaluated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement using Complior. Results - In this population, 78 +/- 8 years of age (women 64%), AD was present in 41%, VaD in 6%, MCI in 27%, and 26% of subjects had normal cognitive function. After adjustment for age, gender, systolic blood pressure, education level, cardiovascular diseases, and antihypertensive therapy, a significant association was observed between PWV and cognitive status (P < 0.0001). PWV appears significantly higher in subjects with VaD (15.2 +/- 3.9 m/ s) or AD (13.3 +/- 2.9 m/ s) than in those without cognitive impairment (11.5 +/- 2.0 m/s; P < 0.001). Moreover, PWV was higher in subjects with MCI (12.6 +/- 2.6 m/ s) than in those without cognitive impairment (11.5 +/- 2.0 m/ s; P < 0.01). For each 2 m/s increment in PWV, the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) was 1.73 (1.27 to 2.47) for AD and 3.52 (1.87 to 8.05) for VaD. Conclusion - Our results showed a relationship between arterial stiffness and cognitive impairment, suggesting that functional changes of the arterial system could be involved in the onset of dementia (VaD or AD types).