Journal
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
Volume 78, Issue 4, Pages 805-818Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0405182
Keywords
atherosclerosis; inflammation; congestive heart failure; innate immunity; adaptive immunity
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Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL43331] Funding Source: Medline
- PHS HHS [T32 07590] Funding Source: Medline
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The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is increasingly evident since the identification of immune/inflammatory mechanisms in atherosclerosis and heart failure. In this review, we describe how innate and adaptive immune cascades trigger the release of cytokines and chemokines, resulting in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. We discuss how cytokines have direct and indirect effects on myocardial function. These include myocardial depressant effects of nitric oxide (NO) synthase-generated NO, as well as the biochemical effects of cytokine-stimulated arachidonic acid metabolites on cardiomyocytes. Cytokine influences on myocardial function are time-, concentration-, and subtype-specific. We provide a comprehensive review of these cytokine-mediated immune and inflammatory cascades implicated in the most common forms of cardiovascular disease.
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