Journal
CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
Volume 322, Issue 1, Pages 81-88Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00441-005-1096-6
Keywords
glucocorticoids (synthetic/natural); fetal exposure; fetal sex; short-term benefits; long-term problems; epigenetic mechanisms; disease
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Fetal exposure to elevated levels of glucocorticoids can occur naturally when maternal glucocorticoids are elevated in times of stress or when exogenous glucocorticoids are administered. Epidemiological studies and animal models have shown that, whereas short-term benefits may be associated with fetal glucocorticoid exposure, long-term deleterious effects may arise. This review compares the effects of exposure to natural versus synthetic glucocorticoids and considers the ways in which the timing of the exposure and the sex of the fetus may influence outcomes. Some of the long-term effects of glucocorticoid exposure may be explained by epigenetic mechanisms.
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