Journal
NATURE GENETICS
Volume 37, Issue 10, Pages 1082-1089Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ng1645
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Funding
- NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK061459, R01 DK061459-09, R01 DK061459-07S1, R01 DK061459-05, R01 DK061459-08, R01 DK061459-04, R01 DK061459-02, R01 DK061459-01A1, R01 DK061459-01A1S1, R01 DK061459-07, R01 DK061459-03, R56 DK082963, R01 DK080004, R01 DK061459-06, R56 DK082963-01] Funding Source: Medline
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Removal of toxic substances from the blood depends on patent connections between the kidney, ureters and bladder that are established when the ureter is transposed from its original insertion site in the male genital tract to the bladder. This transposition is thought to occur as the trigone forms from the common nephric duct and incorporates into the bladder. Here we re-examine this model in the context of normal and abnormal development. We show that the common nephric duct does not differentiate into the trigone but instead undergoes apoptosis, a crucial step for ureter transposition controlled by vitamin A-induced signals from the primitive bladder. Ureter abnormalities occur in 1-2% of the human population and can cause obstruction and end-stage renal disease. These studies provide an explanation for ureter defects underlying some forms of obstruction in humans and redefine the current model of ureter maturation.
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