Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42)-Induced Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer Disease: Importance in Disease Pathogenesis and Progression

Significance: Alzheimer disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease. AD is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. One of the main histopathological hallmarks of AD brain is the presence of senile plaques (SPs) and another is elevated oxidative stress. The main component of SPs is amyloid beta-peptide (A beta) that is derived from the proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein. Recent Advances: Recent studies are consistent with the notion that methionine present at 35 position of A beta is critical to A beta-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Further, we also discuss the signatures of oxidatively modified brain proteins, identified using redox proteomics approaches, during the progression of AD. Critical Issues: The exact relationships of the specifically oxidatively modified proteins in AD pathogenesis require additional investigation. Future Directions: Further studies are needed to address whether the therapies directed toward brain oxidative stress and oxidatively modified key brain proteins might help delay or prevent the progression of AD.