The effects of citric acid on the properties of thermoplastic starch plasticized by glycerol

The effects of citric acid on the properties of glycerol-plasticized thermoplastic starch (GPTPS) were studied. In the presence of citric acid and glycerol, native cornstarch granules are transferred to a continuous phase as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As shown by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the improvement in thermal stability confirms that the adhesion between citric acid, glycerol, water and starch in TPS was enhanced with the addition of citric acid. It was proven by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy that citric acid can form stronger hydrogen-bond interactions with starch than glycerol. Both FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry of citric acid-modified GPTPS (CATPS) revealed that citric acid can effectively inhibit starch re-crystallization (i.e. retrogradation), because of the strong hydrogen-bond interaction between citric acid and starch. Rheology studies revealed that citric acid can obviously decrease the shear viscosity and improve the fluidity of TIPS. Citric acid can also improve the elongation of GPTPS and ameliorate the water resistance of GPTPS at high relative humidities, but decreased the tensile stress.