Direct atom-efficient esterification between carboxylic acids and alcohols catalyzed by amphoteric, water-tolerant TiO(acac)2

[GRAPHIC] A diverse array of oxometallic species were examined as catalysts for a test direct condensation of benzoic acid and 2-phenylethanol in 1:1 stoichiometry. Besides group IVB MOCl2-xH(2)O and TiOX2-xH(2)O, group VB VOCl2-xTHF and group IVB TiO(acac)(2) were found to be the most efficient and water-tolerant catalysts for the test reaction. The new neutral catalytic protocol with the optimal TiO(acac)2 tolerates many stereo/electronic structural variations in both (di)acid (1 degrees-3 degrees alkyl and aryl) and (di)alcohol (1 degrees, 2 degrees alkyl, and aryl) components with high chemoselectivity.