Journal
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
Volume 53, Issue 11, Pages 2557-2578Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2005.05.002
Keywords
electro-mechanical; membrane; elastomer; cracking; thin film toughness
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This paper presents experimental and theoretical analyses of the electro-mechanical response of metal/elastomer multilayers. A novel test has been devised to determine the relationship between the mechanical response of clamped elastomer membranes, coated on both sides with metal electrodes, and an applied electric field. The load-deflection response of the multilayers subjected to different voltages was measured using an instrumented spherical indenter having dimensions comparable to the freestanding span. The measurements are used with closed-form solutions for membrane deflection to determine the effective plane-strain modulus of cracked multilayers and electrically induced in-plane strains. The experiments demonstrate that: (i) electrically induced strains vary with the square of the electric field, as expected from electrostatic models of parallel plate capacitors, (ii) the transverse stiffness of membranes can be controlled using applied electric fields, (iii) analytical models accurately predict the relationship between electrode crack spacing, layer properties and effective moduli. Finally, we estimate the toughness of the sub-micron metal electrodes, using cracking models that relate crack spacing, imposed strain and the energy release rate governing channel crack formation. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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