Journal
ANTI-CANCER AGENTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages 340-363Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/187152012800228661
Keywords
Apoptosis; Ceramide; Ceramide synthase; De novo sphingolipid synthesis; Programmed cell death; Salvage pathway; Serine palmitoyl transferase; Sphingomyelinase
Categories
Funding
- MUSC (NIH/NIEHS) [5T32ES012878]
- NIH/NIEHS [1 F30 ES016975-01]
- Office of Research and Development, Dept. of Veterans Affairs, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
- NIH/NIGMS [R01 GM062887]
- NIH/NIA [R01 AG016583]
- NIH/NCCR [P20 RR17677]
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Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is a complex process whereby eukaryotic cells react to physiologic or pathophysiologic stimuli by undergoing genetically programmed suicide. Programmed cell death involves many well-characterized signaling pathways including permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane and activation of caspases. Other pathways, such as pro-apoptotic lipid signaling, are less understood despite many years of study. The sphingolipid ceramide has received considerable attention as a key regulator of programmed cell death, yet the mechanisms of its up-regulation and ability to control cell fate remain ill-defined. In this review, we will examine the connections between sphingolipid metabolism and programmed cell death with a focus on the role of de novo sphingolipid synthesis and sphingosine salvage in producing pro-apoptotic ceramide. We will also highlight the evidence supporting an increasingly complex role for ceramide in regulating apoptosis and provide a framework in which to ask new questions about the functions of this enigmatic lipid.
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