4.8 Article

Improvement of surface bioactivity on titanium by water and hydrogen plasma immersion ion implantation

Journal

BIOMATERIALS
Volume 26, Issue 31, Pages 6129-6135

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.03.032

Keywords

titanium; plasma immersion ion implantation; bioactivity; cytocompatibility; water; hydrogen

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We have investigated the surface bioactivity of titanium after water and hydrogen plasma immersion ion implantation. Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) excels in the surface treatment of components possessing a complicated shape such as medical implants. In addition, water and hydrogen PIII has been extensively studied as a method to fabricate silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates in the semiconductor industry and so it is relatively straightforward to transfer the technology to the biomedical field. In our investigation, water and hydrogen were plasma-implanted into titanium sequentially. Our objective is that water PIII introduces near-surface damages that trap hydrogen implanted in the subsequent step to improve the surface bioactivity while the desirable bulk properties of the materials are not compromised. Ti-OH functional groups can be detected on the (H2O + H-2)-implanted titanium surface by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. After incubation in simulated body fluids (SBF) for cytocompatibililty evaluation in vitro, bone-like hydroxyapatite was found to precipitate on the (H2O + H-2) implanted samples while no apatite was found on titanium samples plasma implanted with water or hydrogen alone. Human osteoblast cells were cultured on the (H2O + H-2)-implanted titanium surface and they exhibited good adhesion and growth. Our results suggest a practical means to improve the surface bioactivity and cytocompatibility of medical implants made of titanium. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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