Formula for sediment transport in rivers, estuaries, and coastal waters

The aim of the present study is to develop a formula for the relationship between flow strength and sediment discharge. The appropriate definition of energy dissipation rate E in the theorem of Bagnold in 1966 is discussed and it is found that the sediment transport rate g, in unidirectional flows can be well predicted when E is defined as the product of bed shear stress To and near bed velocity u(*)'. Then the linear relationship between u(*)'E and the sediment transport rate is examined using measured data. The good agreement between measured and predicted values indicates that the phenomena of sediment transport can be reasonably described by the near bed flow characteristics. As the hydrodynamic modelers are able to calculate the bed shear stress and near bed velocity in various cases now, thus the new relationship may provide numerical modelers a tool to calculate the sediment transport in rivers, estuaries and coastal waters. To prove this, the simplified analytical expressions of E and u(*)' in wave-current flows and coastal waters are derived, the results are checked with the available data over a wide range of flow conditions; and good agreements are achieved, indicating that the presumption is valid in the cases investigated.